![]() ![]() Reproduced by permission from ( Romer et al., 2007) and example of a protein triggering a primarily microdomain-driven budding event. Shiga toxin (gold label) induces membrane buds acting from outside the plasma membrane. Reproduced by permission from ( Baumgart et al., 2003), an example of membrane budding in the absence of any proteins. Budding of phase separated lipid microdomains from GUVs composed of synthetic lipids. Proteins and lipid microdomains in membrane buddingįrom left to right, A. Rather, we consider how emerging mechanistic thinking in multivesicular body formation, virus budding, and lipid phase separation-induced budding puts more classical coated vesicle budding mechanisms into perspective, and vice versa. This article is not intended to be a comprehensive review of all cellular budding events. cellular contexts the potential roles of proteins in orchestrating lipid phase changes, and the roles of lipids in recruiting and regulating proteins and the implications of the above for cell physiology. 1) similarities and differences in budding events in synthetic vs. ![]() This review will take a different viewpoint, and consider the comparative roles of proteins and lipids in select examples of vesicular budding events ( Fig. Several excellent reviews have covered the way proteins induce curvature in biological membranes ( Farsad and De Camilli, 2003 McMahon and Gallop, 2005 Voeltz and Prinz, 2007), and the physical principles of membrane curvature ( Zimmerberg and Kozlov, 2006). Our laboratory has been characterizing the unusual membrane budding reaction promoted by the ESCRTs, which has led us to take a fresh look at how membrane lipid properties might make protein-dependent, energetically expensive, reactions, easier. Many viruses are membrane enveloped and escape from host cells by membrane budding events. Each vesicular trafficking event involves the budding of a membrane vesicle from the donor membrane, typically followed by its regulated transport, docking to, and fusion with, an acceptor membrane. The protein and lipid content of these membranes is maintained and regulated by a constant flux of vesicular trafficking. Eukaryotic cells are defined by their compartmentalization into membrane-delimited structures. ![]()
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